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Gary Novak
Independent Scientist

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Transgenic Crops

They put it in corn; it ended up in soybeans.

The reason why genetically modified organisms produce toxic substances in food is because the method used for modification produces mutations on a large scale. The engineers don't have a clue as to what mutations occur. They just look for an end result. Among the invisible mutations are alterations which create abnormal biochemistry, which results in toxic substances when eaten as food.

 

Genetically modified crops could raise havoc with the genome of humans.

Humans could soon find that they are more BT and Roundup Ready than human.

Roundup is a weed killer. Roundup Ready crops are genetically engineered to resist the weed killer, which would otherwise kill them.

BT means Bacillus thuringiensis, which is a bacterium species. It contains a protien which kills insects. The gene for that protein has been incorporated into some crops, so insects are killed when they eat the plants.

Here's how it works: Genetic engineering uses a "vector" to insert a gene into a cell. The vector is typically a segment from a cancer causing virus. It is linked to the desired gene and transfers it. It goes through cell walls and nuclear membranes and inserts itself, with the gene attached, into the DNA of the host.

What keeps it from coming back out and entering other cells? Nothing does. It transfers to other species and often does not distinguish between plants and animals.

This effect has been noticeable in Brazil, where surrounding plants and microbes have become altered. Microbes, such as bacteria and molds, pick up the genes and transfer them to other plants, usually weeds, but also other crops.

Why wouldn't the same also happen to humans? Presumably it does. Presumably, the genes are moving around from cell to cell in humans.

Humans are not going to notice the effects as soon as fast growing species like weeds do. But future generations could find their DNA loaded with strange genes.

Are you ready to be Roundup Ready?


Some Quotes:

John B. Fagan, Ph.D.
Professor of Molecular Biology

When new genetic information is introduced into plants, bacteria, insects or other animals, it can easily be passed into related organisms, through processes such as cross pollination. This process has already created "super weeds".

There is also serious concern about the dangers of using genetically engineered viruses as delivery vehicles (vectors) in the generation of transgenic plants and animals. This could destabilize the genome, and also possibly create new viruses, and thus dangerous new diseases. (Refs: Green, A.E. et al (1994) SCIENCE 263:1423; Osbourn, J.K. et al (1990) VIROLOGY 179:921.)


Mae-Wan Ho

The most common vectors used in gene biotechnology are a mosaic recombination of natural genetic parasites from different sources, including viruses causing cancers and other diseases in animals and plants, with their pathogenic functions 'crippled', and tagged with one or more antibiotic resistance 'marker' genes, so that cells transformed with the vector can be selected.

Unlike natural parasitic genetic elements which have varying degrees of host specificity, vectors used in genetic engineering are designed to overcome species barriers, and can therefore infect a wide range of species.

Recent evidence also suggests that vectors carrying transgenes may spread horizontally via microorganisms, animals and human beings in an uncontrolled and uncontrollable manner. The teeming microbial populations in the terrestrial and aquatic environments serving as a horizontal gene transfer highway and reservoir, facilitating the multiplication, recombination of vectors and infection of all plant and animals species.


 
Genetic Modification Lowers Crop Yields

Propagandists are harping on the claim that genetic modification increases yields, which is why it's supposed to replace everything else in agriculture. And how dare anyone deprive the "developing" world of such a boon in agriculture, when a billion people are starving.

Genetic modification does not have the purpose of increasing yields; it's purpose with corn and soybeans is convenience. With golden rice, the purpose is to add vitamin A. Supposedly, all good things support each other, and you get an increase in yield along with the rest of the package. Nothing could be more fraudulent. Yields are devastated by the process of genetic modification.

The fakery falls back on the implication that improvement of something is the purpose, so why wouldn't it increase yields. There are many reasons why. For one, the convenience of doing more spraying replaces the normal practice of cultivation.

Normally weeds are killed through a process of cultivation, which means going over the field with equipment which stirs the top of the ground. It not only kills weeds of all types, it greatly improves growing conditions by breaking up the crust on the surface, which allows air and water in and prevents evaporation through capillary action. When spraying only, the hard crust increases on the surface of the ground and greatly diminishes yields.

Another problem is that the process of genetic modification is not compatible with the process of hybridization. Hybridization is absolutely essential for corm. It is an exacting process which cannot be done improperly. Yet it cannot be combined properly with genetic modification.

Here's what happens: Genetic modification is an injection of genes randomly into the genome (combination of all genes on all chromosomes). There is no way to determine where all of the modifications occur. Visual observation of the end result is the only test. Along with the desired result, thousands of gene insertions occur which are not recognized with crude methods of examination; and they cannot be prevented, because there is no way to limit the inserted genes to the desired purpose.

Hybridization is a totally different process, where two parental types, which tend to be totally nonfunctional separately, are combined to create a group of genes which are vastly superior to any natural combination. Getting the right parental types to combine into the desired result is a tedious process of trial and error which takes many years of testing. The resulting hybrid will not re-grow a second time. The seed must always be derived from the two odd parental types.

It's virtually impossible to get both parental types right for hybridization while genetically modifying through gene insertion. Both process are too critically aligned on their own demands. If it is right for one process, it is not right for the other. Hybridizing will typically required hundreds of possible parental types being compared. The gene insertion process will not produce the hundreds of parental options, and it contaminates the gene pool too thoroughly to get a good combination of genes.

On top of that, the genetic modifiers are dependent upon a flash-in-the-pan campaign of getting a product on the market rapidly. Not only does hybridizing require many years of testing parental combinations, the time would be extended immeasurably by adding an encumbrance which messes up a large part of the chromosomes.

So the genetic modifiers have to cut corners. In doing so, they get extremely unpredictable results and never an optimum result by all criteria. This is why some farmers get seed which does not grow. Why would it not be tested before it is sold? The manufacturers do not even spend one year testing the result before selling it, let along go through the many years of development that normal hybridizing requires.

Even when the seed grows, the result is trash compared to the high standard that is expected of normal hybrids. Trash means, the roots might be rising above the ground, the ears of corm might form on top of the stalk instead of on the side, too many ears might form per stalk, so they are all small, and any number of hidden problems could be expected at the physiological level.

Why do farmers plant such trash? In this country, where there are a lot of options, it allows farmers to reduce labor, so one person can handle more acres. Also, it allows commercial operators to do more of the work, when spraying replaces cultivation. Then it takes awhile to see the result and determine that it is not due to bad weather but bad seed. Eventually, genetic modification will be viewed as the craziest thing to enter agriculture. But until then, it is being sold as holy communion from Mother Teresa.


Outside Links:

Latest by ISIS and WM Ho July 30, 2007
New Book on GM Foods
Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Application of Science and Technology (PSRAST)
Alliance for Bio-Integrity
News Item
The Dangers, J.M. Smith